The Voluntaryist


Potpourri from the Editor's Desk

This is a rotating sample of features from The Voluntaryist over the years.
- last update : 1 February 2000


Potpourri from Whole Number 54 - February 1992
Potpourri from Whole Number 71 - December 1994
Potpourri from Whole Number 79 - April 1996
Potpourri from Whole Number 95 - December 1998


    from Whole Number 101 - December 1999

    1. "Everything Depends On A Change In Public Opinion"

      "The size of government does not increase because of any objective causes over which ideas have no control, and certainly not because there is a demand for it. It grows because the ideas that prevail in public opinion of what is just and what is wrong have changed. What once was regarded by public opinion as an outrage, to be treated and dealt with as such, has become increasingly accepted as legitimate.   . . .

      "[The tax-state] cannot be fought by simply boycotting it, as a private business could, because an institution devoted to the business of expropriating and exploiting does not respect the negative verdict revealed by boycotts. And it also cannot simply be fought by countering its aggression with defensive violence, because the state's aggression is supported by public opinion. Thus, everything depends on a change in public opinion. The private property ethic: the idea that private property is a just institution and the only means of creating economic prosperity, and of the state as an outcast institution that is destructive of wealth-formation, must be revived, and again inspire people's minds and hearts."

      -- Hans-Hermann Hoppe,
      The Economics and Ethics of Private Property (1993), pp. 46, 59 - 60


    2. "The Organized Crime Plantation"

      [Statesmen and politicians] will invariably intrigue, connive, dissemble and, like any caged rat, constantly fret over how to achieve unlimited wealth and power. This is the pathology of all mobsters of all history.

      They can never be content with what they have. They want more - more of everything. They want more rackets. They want more turf. They want more power. They want, they want, they want. Does another mobster have a bigger castle? More square miles of dominion? A larger band of trained killers? More spies? More gold? Oh, really? Then there must be a war to take it. But, how to get the "field slaves" to do the dying and killing is the trick. Why of course, the "house slaves" are called in to set it up. It has worked forever; why should it not work again?

      And what do the "house slaves" do for their mob masters to get the field hands to risk life and limb for an "attaboy"? They tell lies. They say things like: "He is worse than Hitler." "Fight for democracy in Kuwait." "Fight for the American way of the mob plantation." "Fight for our top mobster to become the absolute Godfather of the global mob plantation."

      Consent of the governed? The duping of the dumb and the gulling of the gullible.

      You want to understand every U.S. Government war of the 20th century - hot or cold? Simple! Our mob masters took something from another mob or had to protect the global mob plantation system from revolutionary "field slaves" who have tried to get out of it. This is the sum and substance of all so-called "geopolitics," from the big stick to the twisted shrub. This is the so-called "national interest."

      -- Ace R. Hayes, "Plantation Politics,"
      Portland Free Press, Mid-Spring 1991 and May/June 1998


    3. "The Nightmare Is About To Begin!"

      "The National Identification Card (NID) is already in the works. The law requires that all states begin issuing drivers licenses to carry Social Security numbers and other security features by October 1, 2000.  . . . [Having all licenses linked to Social Security numbers is only the first step toward the development of a national identification card. Others include:]

      You will have to have a national identification card to get a job.
      To obtain a passport you must have a NID.
      To buy an airline ticket you must have a NID.
      All gun purchases will require an NID.

      "Also authorized and under development is Federal Biometric Coding. It's proposed that a magnetic strip on the NID card will contain positive identification of the bearer by a digitized fingerprint, retina scan, voice print, or other Biometric identification.

      "There is much more, but I think these highlights will give you some idea of what's coming. . . . Surely this brief outline of public information will convince even the most skeptical person of the Government's ultimate intentions - absolute, total and positive control of every person in the United States. . . . The next step in all this will be the requirement to have a NID to have a bank account, buy/sell real estate, write a check or have an account with a public utility. . . .

      "All the public comments supporting the new NID are about controlling illegal immigration, locating deadbeat dads, finding criminals, etc. This is a pure smoke and mirrors operation by 'Uncle.' Next they'll say this is to save the children, improve education and control drugs! This is all hot air to confuse the fact that 'Uncle' wants a NID to totally control the lives of every person in the United States."

      --Fred Rowe, "Privacy" in the
      House of Onyx, Inc. (Late Summer 1998), Box 261, Greenville KY 42345


    4. "The Emphasis Should Be On Responisbility Not Liberty"

      "As I see it, libertarianism is primarily about responsibility and only secondarily about liberty. As Edmund Burke has memorably pointed out, 'Society cannot exist unless a controlling power upon will and appetite be placed somewhere, and the less there is within, the more there will be without.' In other words, in proportion as we control our behavior and abstain from violating the rights of others, we are entitled to enjoy the fruits of liberty."

      --Thomas Szasz in "Facing Up to Coercion," in
      Liberty, January 1999, p. 48


    5. "An Old Bulgarian Anecdote"

      "A businessman could not sleep and he visits the doctor. The doctor told him his problem was psychologically based. 'You have to do something and you have not done it,' said the doctor. The businessman went to the Tax Office, paid $60,000, and said that this was his tax liability for the previous year. Then he went to a church, lit a candle and said, 'God, if I am unable to sleep in a week I shall pay the rest as well."

      -- Gueorgui Smatrakev in Robert McGee (ed.), The Ethics of Tax Evasion
      (South Orange: The Dumont Institute for Public Policy Research, 1998), p. 317


    6. "The Sovereign Territorial State: [Its] Right to Genocide"

      "The main thesis of this chapter is that the sovereign territorial state claims, as an integral part of its sovereignty, the right to commit genocide, or engage in genocidal massacres, against peoples under its rule, and that the United Nations, for all practical purposes, defends its right. To be sure, no state explicitly claims the right to commit genocide. . . but the right is exercised under other . . . acceptable rubics, notably the duty to maintain order, or the seemingly sacred mission to preserve the territorial integrity of the state."

      -- Leo Kuper, Genocide (1981), Chapter 9, p. 161


    The Voluntaryist

    from Whole Number 95 - December 1998

    1. "Coercivists and Voluntarists"

      Coercivists believe that all order in society must be consciously designed and implemented by a sovereign government power. Coercivists cannot fathom how individuals without mandates from above can ever pattern their actions in a way that is not only orderly, but also peaceful and productive. For the coercivist, direction by sovereign government is as necessary for the creation of social order as the meticulous craftsmanship of a watchmaker is necessary for the creation of a watch.

      At the other end of the spectrum are voluntarists. Voluntarists understand two important facts about society that coercivists miss. First, voluntarists understand that social order is inevitable without coercive direction from the state as long as the basic rules of private property and voluntary contracting are respected. This inevitability of social order when such rules are observed is the great lesson taught by Adam Smith, Ludwig von Mises, F.A. Hayek, and all of the truly great economists through the ages.

      Second, voluntarists understand that coercive social engineering by government - far from promoting social harmony - is fated to ruin existing social order. Voluntarists grasp the truth that genuine and productive social order is possible only when each person is free to pursue his own goals in his own way, constrained by no political power. Coercive political power is the enemy of social order because it is unavoidably arbitrary - bestowing favors for reasons wholly unrelated to the values the recipients provide to their fellow human beings. And even if by some miracle the exercise of political power could be shorn of its arbitrariness, it can never escape being an exercise conducted in gross ignorance. It is a simpleton's fantasy to imagine that all the immense and detailed knowledge necessary for the successful central direction of human affairs can ever be possessed by government.

      Society emerges from the cooperation of hundreds of millions of people, each acting on the basis of his own unique knowledge of individual wants, talents, occupations, and circumstances. No bureaucrat can know enough about software design to outperform Bill Gates, or enough about retailing to successfully second-guess the folks at Wal-Mart, or enough about any of the millions of different industries to outdo people who are highly specialized in their various trades.

      The coercivist-voluntarist vocabulary is superior to the left-right, or liberal-conservative, vocabulary at distinguishing liberty's friends from it's foes. Support for high taxes and intrusive government is a "liberal" trait. A supporter of high taxes and regulation is also, however, properly labeled a coercivist. But note: no less of a coercivist is the conservative who applause government regulation of what adults voluntarily read, view, or ingest. Both parties believe that social order will deteriorate into chaos unless government coercion overrides the myriad private choices made by individuals.

      Voluntarists are typically accused of endorsing complete freedom of each individual from restraints. This accusation is nonsense. While they oppose heavy reliance upon coercively imposed restraints, sensible voluntarists do not oppose restraints per se. Voluntarists, in contrast to coercivists, recognize that superior restraints on individual behavior emerge decentrally and peaceably. Parents restrain their children. Neighbors use both formal and informal means to restrain each other from un-neighborly behaviors. The ability of buyers to choose where to spend their money restrains businesses from abusing customers.

      A free society is chock-full of such decentrally and noncoercively imposed restraints. Indeed, it is the voluntary origins of such restraints that make them more trustworthy than coercively imposed restraints. A voluntary restraint grows decentrally from the give and take of everyday life and is sensitive to all the costs and benefits of both the restraint itself and of the restrained behavior. But a coercive restraint too often is the product not of that give and take of all affected parties but, instead, of political deals. And political deals are notoriously biased toward the wishes of the politically well-organized while ignoring the wishes of those unable to form effective political coalitions. What's more, members of the political class often free themselves from the very restraints they foist upon others. Coercively imposed restraints are not social restraints at all; rather, they are arbitrary commands issued by the politically privileged.

      - Donald Boudreaux, "Notes From FEE," The Freeman, August 1997.


    2. "The IRS Code, The Law & Legalized Duplicity"

      The Bob Livingston Letter is by no definition a "tax protest" letter. In the strictest sense, there is no such thing as a "tax protester" because it is an impossibility to be a tax protester with only credit as money in the United States. I fully understand that this statement is not understandable to those who have not studied monetary realism. The term "tax protester" is a creation of the IRS. It is full of design as follows: It implies that everyone by law is a "taxpayer." For their purpose it is very important to their scheme and propaganda for everyone to think of themselves as "taxpayers." A "taxpayer" is bound by law to pay taxes. The goal of the income tax system is for everyone to become income tax debtors by thinking of themselves as "taxpayers." The goal of the income tax system is for everyone to become tax debtors by thinking of themselves as "taxpayers." The deceit has succeeded beyond all comprehension.

      On the contrary, no one is a taxpayer or tax debtor unless they decide to "volunteer" to be one. We make ourselves "liable" by volunteering and making a 1040 return. We do this under duress of propaganda deceit. Why do we write about the income tax system? We do so because it is a fraud of monumental proportions that induces millions through deceit to sacrifice their time to this Anti-christ beast system. This is a worldwide system and I know no better description of it than to call it modern Mystery Babylon. It is not all of modern Mystery Babylon, but it is without a doubt the foundation of modern Mystery Babylon. Modern Mystery Babylon operates and thrives upon deceit. The IRS income tax system is a masterpiece of cynicism and deception. A true monument to this chicanery would have to be Satan himself. The IRS is fraud in its stated purpose of being a tax collector. It is specifically a consumption regulating agency. It is equally a national information agency identical to the Gestapo.

      All modern governments rule by deceit. To rule by deceit, all governments must have an information system on all its people. The IRS is this information system in the United States. But this fact is hidden from the public mind with propaganda which has been developed into the perfect art of massive human manipulation.

      The New World order is a present reality founded upon perpetual psychological warfare of all governments against their populations.

      Propaganda is not something we can take or leave. It is the constant bombardment of word patterns and thought systems that penetrate the consciousness, chemically rearranging neuron structure. It is an electrochemical stimulus that programs the mind to controlled responses, which we sometimes refer to as "conventional wisdom." Programmed neurotransmitters in the brain can inhibit mental thought processes as surely as steel bars in a jail can restrain your physical freedoms.

      A testament to his mind manipulation is the lawyers and accountants who are mentally victimized by the manipulative language of the tax code and it never ever crosses their minds to inquire beyond their training. The cynical truth is that they all work for the IRS but you pay them. How about this to get sick on?

      The dynamics of psychological warfare and authoritarianism are built upon group consciousness. Group consciousness is a mass programmed thought system (conventional wisdom). Stimulus from unconventional wisdom turns off the receptors and - evokes no response at all or evokes hostility.

      [Excerpted from The Bob Livingston Letter (February 1998), Box 110013, Birmingham AL 35211, U$ 39 for 12 monthly issues. A recent example of this deceitful propaganda appeared in The Wall Street Journal, February 17, 1998 (A22). Illinois Governor Jim Edgar "vetoed a $500 state income tax credit for parents who use private schools. He claimed such use of 'public funds for private K-12 education diverts dollars from public priorities.' The governor needs a course in Taxes 101. Money belongs to individuals until taxed, Allowing people to keep more of their own money isn't a use of 'public funds'."

      Another example is Senator Bob Kerrey's statement: "If all we do is pay attention to IRS abuse . . ., we'll miss the importance of making sure the IRS has sufficient power to stop taxpayers who want to abuse other taxpayers - and who want other taxpayers to subsidize their unwillingness to pay taxes." (The Wall Street Journal, April 22, 1998, p. A1)]


      The Voluntaryist

      from Whole Number 79 - April 1996


      1. What Makes A Country A Police State?


        "In a free country you have a right to be left alone as long as you don't hurt anybody else. You have a right to live your own life peacefully and enjoy your property, and to be free from government interference.

        "In a police state, the government can legally ransack your house; they can come into your business; they can take whatever you own; they can assault you with impunity; they have no accountability. In a free society, government can't do that. And we're not a free society any more. People have to recognize that."

        Aaron Russo, "Russo and Revolution: The LIBERTY Interview,"
        Liberty Magazine,
        (Box 1181, Pt. Townsend, WA 98368), January 1995, p. 33

      2. Capitalism and Peace


        "In the absence of force, peace and liberty simply exist; they do not have to be created or supported. Capitalism has its beginnings in a condition under which no man can be dispossessed of what he has produced or discovered except with his own consent. In the absence of force, capitalism automatically exists in the same sense that peace and liberty automatically exist."

        Thomas Nixon Carver,
        The Present Economic Revolution in the United States (1926), p. 5

      3. Debt and Bankruptcy


        "We also have a problem believing that rescue packages are the correct solution to such financial crises. The problems arise from debt - you cannot go bankrupt if you don't owe anybody any money. Debt, as we have often said in the past, is like alcohol or narcotics in that it is a mind-altering substance and can be highly addictive."

        Ian Lamont in Yorkton Natural Resources,
        Feb. 6, 1995. Yorkton Securities,
        Suite 406, Salisbury House, Finsbury Circus,
        London EC2M 5RQ, England


      4. Only In America!

        "Unique in the world's legal systems, any person, American or not, at home or abroad, who participates in any [way], however insignificant, in helping an American citizen or resident to break the law (no matter how trivial), is part of a conspiracy. This conspiracy is another crime usually considered more serious than whatever is being done. To put it in perspective, if a Frenchman in Paris advises an American to show his contempt for his own government by spitting on the sidewalk in front of the nearest USA embassy, the FRENCHMAN is guilty of a conspiracy to commit misdemeanor. This is a felony under existing USA laws. Under those same USA laws, his (French) home can be raided by USA law officers, and searched. Any of his property can be confiscated by USA agents even if they are illegally in France and even if those USA agents are breaking the laws of France. Further those USA agents can, legally under USA laws, as in the recent Noriega case, legally KIDNAP the Frenchman, and legally torture him on the way back to the USA in order to legally extract a false confession to a more serious crime. Or the kidnappers can legally secure fraudulent testimony to convict. They can legally arrange to have him placed in custody with known rapists and killers, and have him physically and mentally abused by other prisoners and interrogators. And it is all legal (from a USA point of view)."

        Dr. W G. Hill, The Passport Report
        Waterlooville, U.K.: Scope International, 7th ed., 1992, p.265


      5. The More Legitimacy, The Less The Use of Overt Force

        "[T]he importance of force and force-threat in human behavior is richly demonstrated by the rarity of its use. Living as we do in protected environments, we rarely see anyone manhandled or hear an overt threat . ... [E]very social system contains mechanisms, processes, and patterns whose results and often intention is to prevent the outbreak of overt force.

        "... Much force appears to people not as a threat of violence, but simply the rules of the game, the obvious reality of the cosmos, to which one must bow unthinkingly. "... It follows from this orientation that all highly industrialized societies are high force systems, by comparison with almost all societies that have gone before them. No dissident groups of substantial size can hide out and engage in armed resistance, set up a competing regime, or impose a radically different system. ...

        "In general, the widespread use of physical force by the regime or dominant groups in a society is probably negatively correlated with that country's position on the scale of the force it commands, because the application of overt force tells us that many people in the society oppose the political or social system, and are unwilling to back it by force. ...

        "... [A] society's total force is not a summation of the individual capacity to kill, but a function of the social organization of force. Consequently, armed but unorganized citizens may be, and indeed usually are, helpless before the organized might of a tyrant's army and police, even when these are few in number.

        "The force of a free citizenry is not, then, determined by how many guns they possess, but by their collective determination to resist. This in turn is primarily a function of their faith that their fellow human beings will not let them stand against the physical force of a ruler, but will rather risk individual injury to prevent collective injury. Thus, in ranking a citizenry by the force it commands, the question is not so much whether it owns more guns than the government, but whether its members can count on each other for support against encroachments on their freedom. That is the measure of its force. With that capacity, guns can be obtained; without it, guns have historically been of little use.

        "... In older terminology, military analysts spoke of the will to battle, an imponderable that has more than once outweighed firepower.

        "... One might, then, as a challenge to rulers everywhere, point out that we can in fact test their claim that their system is based on justice and on people's allegiance to it, by reducing the use of physical force to buttress it. ... [T]hat system which requires the least physical force [and threats] would more closely approximate justice than any we now know."

        William J. Goode, "Presidential Address: The Place of Force in Human Society,"
        37 American Sociological Review (October 1972),
        pp. 507-519. Excerpts from pp. 511-518


      6. A Consistent Pacifist

        Eileen Egan, a member of the editorial board of The Catholic Worker, was mugged on August 30, 1992 on Manhattan's Upper East Side. It took her a year to recover from her injuries, and to decide to become an "advocate of helping prisoners turn away from lives of crime and violence." Her outlook remains optimistic, although her attempts to help her assailant have been mostly rebuffed.

        "The answer to [the] question [of whether trying to help her attacker has accomplished anything] was quoted by Gandhi from a Hindu treatise, years ago," she said. "It's the action, not the fruit of the action, that's important. You have to do the right thing. It may not be in your power, may not be in your time, that there'll be any fruit. But that doesn't mean you stop doing the right thing. You may never know what results are coming from your action. But if you do nothing, there will be no result."

        Michael Ryan, "I Refuse to Live In Fear,"
        Parade Magazine, October 23, 1994, pp. 73


      7. Taxes, Taxes, and More Taxes!

        Writing about a small business tax strike in Athens, Greece in May 1995, the editors of The Wall Street Journal (May 19, 1995, p. A14) noted that the Greek government had passed a law "that independent professionals will pay taxes not according to what they earn, but according to what they could be expected to earn on the basis of criteria such as their occupation, their number of employees, and their place of business." According to a book review in the same newspaper (July 10, 1995, p. A12) Switzerland imposes an annual wealth tax. Those advocating such a tax in the United States, want it annually imposed in addition to existing estate taxes. Meanwhile, the United States Congress has considered legislating an "exit tax" on the wealth of those Americans whose renunciation of citizenship and emigration abroad are motivated solely by tax motives.


      8. Books Received For Review

        Chuck Shiver, The Rape of the American Constitution. Available from Loompanics Unlimited, Box 1197, Port Townsend, WA 98368. Non-voluntaryist, analysis of the violation of rights encountered in American history. Concludes that the "Constitution is just a piece of paper" that provides some mystique and legitimacy to the current political rulers.

        Larry Pratt, editor, Safeguarding Liberty : The Constitution and the Citizen Militias. Available from Legacy Communications, Box 680365, Franklin, TN 37068. Fifteen non-voluntaryist essays on the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms. Refers to the privately organized rifle movement in Denmark, which traces itself back to the British "National Rifle Association in 1860. ... [C]ivilian corps of motorcycle-mounted machine gunners ... possessed more automatic weapons than the Danish army in 1914 (when they covered the latter's mobilization)." After World War I, the Danish Parliament abolished the voluntary rifle corps because "it was simply felt that national defense should be the business not of the individual citizens but of the state. In 1937 the corps were disbanded, [much] to their country's rue on April 9, 1940." p. 881


      The Voluntaryist

      from Whole Number 71 - December 1994


      1. "So You Say, 'What Can I Do?' "

        "The real answer is to fight for the things you care about. For most Americans, life isn't executive orders, congressional legislation, agency regulations, or judicial decrees. It's a helping hand and good neighbors. It's bedtime prayers and lovingly packed lunch boxes. It's hard work and a little something put away for the future."

        Gary Bauer, Imprimis, July 1994


      2. "Government Corruption"

        "Corruption spreads in direct proportion to the growth in government's capacity to bestow favors. As governments hand out more subsidies and administer more and more regulations that can break a business two things happen: the givers and receivers of public money come to regard it as their own and come to believe that fudging doesn't constitute stealing; some of those who bestow and some who seek vital permissions mutually agree on a cash value, or, more bluntly, the size of a bribe. The more favors and permissions lawmakers create, the more corruption. Political machines are built this way."

        George Melloan, "Global View,"
        The Wall Street Journal, August 15, 1994, p. A 11


      3. "The Cycle of War and State Formation"

        "The internal equilibrium of the [state] rest[s] upon the familiar triad of army, taxes, and bureaucracy. Central power [upholds] military force, which was organized and funded by bureaucracies, which collected taxes that funded both the bureaucracy and the military, both of which in turn enforced tax collection."

        Bruce D. Porter, War and the Rise of the State,
        pp. 58 and 114, New York: The Free Press, 1994


      4. "Public Goods vs. Public Choice"

        "Thus private law, whether strictly voluntary or also coercive, has proven itself historically as an effective provider of social order. But the anarchist's point is not simply that monocentric law is not necessary in order to maintain social order, but more fundamentally that introducing monocentrism into the picture actually decreases social order.

        "Advocates of government assume that non-governmental mechanisms for achieving order will be ineffective because of public goods problems, specifically, the problem that unless people are forced to cooperate, each person will have an incentive to free-ride on the cooperation of others without cooperating himself. This argument is often taken to show the necessity of government.

        "But if market solutions are beset by perverse incentives caused by public goods problems, governmental solutions are likewise beset by perverse incentives used by public choice problems: monopolies that collect revenues by force are not accountable to their clients, and state officials need not bear the financial cost of their decisions; inefficiency is the inevitable result. Since both systems involve perverse incentives, the important question is: which system is better at overcoming such incentives?

        "And here the answer is clear. Under a market system, entrepreneurs stand to reap financial rewards by figuring out ways to supply 'public' goods while excluding free riders. Thus the system that creates the perverse incentives also creates the very incentives to overcome them. That's why every so-called 'public' good has been supplied privately at one time or another in history. Governments, by contrast, must by definition forbid competition. Thus governments, unlike markets, have no way of solving their incentive problems. We would be well-advised, then, to buy our law on the market rather than from the state."

        Roderick T. Long
        "The Nature of Law, Part I: Law and Order Without Government,"
        Formulations, Spring 1994, pp. 10-11
        Published by The Free Nation Foundation,
        111 West Corbin Street, Hillsborough, NC 27278


      5. "A Taxing Thought: Where Has All The Freedom Gone?"

        "When we purchase any product we pay numerous DISGUISED taxes. For example, when we buy an automobile, the company that builds the vehicle passes all of its costs onto us, the buyer of the car, to include all taxes paid by the company. This includes social security taxes, workers compensation tax, state unemployment tax, federal unemployment tax, franchise taxes, corporate income taxes, property taxes, etc. The company is responsible for these taxes but we pick up the tab the day we purchase the product. In addition, we pay a sales tax on the entire price of the car, therefore, paying taxes on the tax with money that has already been taxed before we got our paychecks."

        Robert D. Newcomer, Wooster, OH.,
        "Fourth of July 1994"


      6. "When the State Disappeared, Society Continued"

        "In the West, the Roman Empire (which continued in the East as the Byzantine Empire) disappeared in 476; and, although many efforts were made to revive it, there was clearly a period, about 900 when there was no empire, no state, and no public authority in the West. The state disappeared, yet society continued. So also, religious and economic life continued. This clearly showed that the state and society were not the same thing, that society was the basic entity, and that the state was a crowning, but not essential, cap to the social structure. This experience had revolutionary effects. It was discovered that man can live without a state; this became the basis of Western liberalism. It was discovered that the state, if it exists, must serve men and that it is incorrect to believe that the purpose of men is to serve the state. It was discovered that economic life, religious life, law, and private property can all exist and function effectively without a state. From this emerged laissez-faire, separation of Church and State, rule of law, and the sanctity of private property. In Rome, in Byzantium, and in Russia, law was regarded as an enactment of a supreme power. In the West, when no supreme power existed, it was discovered that law still existed as the body of rules which govern social life. Thus law was found by observation in the West, not enacted by autocracy as in the East. This meant that authority was established by law and under the law in the West, while authority was establised by power and above the law in the East. The West felt that the rules of economic life were found and not enacted; that individuals had rights independent of, and even opposed to, public authority; that groups could exist, as the Church existed, by right and not by privilege, and without the need to have any charter of incorporation entitling them to exist as a group or act as a group; that groups or individuals could own property as a right and not as a privilege and that such property could not be taken by force, but must be taken by established process of law. It was emphasized in the West that the way a thing was done was more important than what was done, while in the East what was done was far more significant than the way in which it was done."

        Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope,
        New York, The Macmillan Co., 1966, p. 83


      7. "Power and Deviance in Western Europe, 950-1250"

        "When rulers begin to assert themselves, and to create a recognizable apparatus of state, the earliest developments always include the appearance of a hierarchy of specialized agencies for the enforcement of order - judges, police forces, and so on - and law itself becomes coercive, imposing from above a pattern of guilt or innocence in accordance with codes promulgated by the central authority, rather than mediatory, seeking agreement or compromise. Hence the state can be seen as a monopoly of legitimate violence. The new system of authority will seek to define and assert itself by attacking the old, that is, the family or clan which formerly exercised the power that the state now seeks, and notably by suppressing the systems of feud or vendetta which, in one form or another, generally provided the sanctions on which kin-based systems of order depend. As Lucy Mair put it, writing of Africa, 'feuding is one of the first activities which colonial governments make it their business to suppress.' We need no reminder that the same was true of their European forerunners in the high middle ages.

        "One aspect of this transition from segmentary society to state is particularly pertinent to our concern. In the ordinary way face-to face communities recognize and regard as criminal only specific injuries to specific individuals or groups. A wrong is identified and dealt with when and if the person who has been injured or his representative chooses to take the matter up by way of the socially approved means of redress. By contrast, as the state begins to emerge its rulers seek to assert and extend their authority by creating what are in effect victimless crimes, offenses against abstractions such as 'the ruler', 'the state', 'society' or 'morality'."

        R. I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society,
        Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987, pp. 109-110


      8. "Police Blotter - The Power of the Press"

        On April 19, 1994 The Wall Street Journal published an article about an alleged embezzling bookkeeper who, using numerous aliases, had stolen as much as $2.5 million during the last two decades from numerous small businesses in northern and southern California. Three days later, the paper reported that the owner of a small business in Huntington Beach had read the article and recognized the suspect, who had been working for him as a bookkeeper since February. He contacted his local police and the suspect was arrested.

        There is a message for us here. The tax-funded police have been looking for this man for over a decade, and probably would not have found him except for the publicity generated by The Wall Street Journal. In the absence of our statist police forces "Wanted Notices" and reports of criminal activity affecting businesses would be given much more attention by mercantile newspapers. There probably would arise newspapers, both local and national, that specialized in searching for alleged crime suspects, and publicizing the rewards associated with their apprehension.


      9. "Government Spending and the Virtues of the Market"

        "It is an extraordinary tribute to the virtues of the free market that, with less than 50 percent of the country's total resources, the private sector can produce a level of living that is the envy of most of the world." The foregoing statement is made by Milton Friedman in his monograph, "Why Government Is The Problem" (Stanford University: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, 1993, p. 12). Friedman supports his statistical claim in a subsequent footnote: "Government spending at all levels, federal, state, and local, in 1992 was about 43 percent of national income. In addition, mandated expenditures plus costs imposed by regulations, tariffs, quotas, and so on in effect commandeer a healthy slice of the 57 percent nominally spent by the private sector. I conclude that the private sector controls less than 50 percent of the country's total resources."


      10. "Gun Control and Property Rights"

        In all the recent barrage of words about gun control, there are two things that never seem to be mentioned. The first is that guns are property, just like all of the rest of one's personal belongings. As Bob LeFevre used to say, "Property is a total concept." Gun control is a form of property control, i.e., a violation of one's property rights. Politics and constitutions do not uphold property rights, they only destroy them. When will people learn that their right to their money and their guns rests on the same principle, and that both are threatened by the existence of the State?

        The second thing is that all governments need to claim and to exercise a monopoly on the instruments of coercion in society. The most recent agitation for the ban on assault-style weapons is merely a manifestation of this. A recent Wall Street Journal cartoon (August 23, 1994, p. A13) portrayed two Congressional leaders talking to one another: "Of course I favor a national antigun law. Who wants armed taxpayers?"


      11. "'Thanks A Million' - An Example of Private Philanthropy"

        "Minneapolis millionaire Percy Ross is internationally known for his philanthropic works and likes to encourage others to help solve problems for those in need. He has earned a fortune and a wealth of knowledge during his lifetime and wants to share both before his death. His motto is: 'He who gives while he lives knows where it goes'."

        The above paragraph was the introduction to Mr. Ross' column in the Spartanburg [SC] Herald-Journal, August 22, 1994 (C2). Three letters of request for money were printed; Mr. Ross refused one, and granted two. Mr. Ross may be contacted at Box 39000, Minneapolis, MN 55439


      The Voluntaryist

      from Whole Number 54 - February 1992


      1. Truth

        "Truth is immortal, despite the defeats that it seems to suffer along the way. Truth has a power that is no respecter of persons, nor of the numbers of persons who may at any time be in darkness about truth. Truth has a power that cannot be touched by physical force. It is impossible to shoot a truth.

        "The lover of liberty will find ways to be free."


        F.A. Harper, from the conclusion to
        Liberty : A Path to Its Recovery (1949)


      2. Those Who Said 'No'!

        David Kitterman, a 1989-1990 Einstein Institution Fellow has published (Nonviolent Sanctions, Spring 1991) research which reveals that there are "at least 100 documented cases of German soldiers, policemen, or members of the SS refusing orders to kill Jews, other unarmed civilians, or POWs" during World War II. "No one of these Germans was killed for refusing orders and few suffered serious circumstances." Most used nonviolent tactics by simply refusing to carry out their orders.

        "Others protested to their superiors, which was especially effective when police or army units not under the direct control of the SS were asked to assist. A few cited damage to their emotional, psychological, or physical health. Others refused on grounds of conscience, religion, or moral scruples. Still others asked for transfer or feigned madness."

        What consequences did the resisters suffer? Most expected to be shot or at least imprisoned for refusing to obey orders. In about one-third of the cases the resisters received verbal or written reprimands, were transferred to a combat unit, or demoted in rank. In only eight percent of the cases were there serious consequences, such as a court martial. The rest of the resisters "suffered no negative consequences."

        The stories of these heroes who said "No!" reaffirm that even under the most trying and dangerous circumstances individuals can overcome their fear, indoctrination, and peer pressure and maintain their own integrity. And often the cost is far less than compromising and violating their own moral principles. As this research shows, it was possible to stand up to the Nazi military machine; it was possible to say "No." Our own actions and energies are inner directed. No one can make us do anything against our will, even if they threaten or coerce us. This is one of the reasons for the success of nonviolent resistance, and why we should never give up hope, even in the face of overwhelming odds.

        "One man plus the truth is an army."


      3. Backwoods Home Magazine

        "..... For people who value their independence!" That is how publisher / editor Dave Duffy describes his magazine. It is written "for people who value personal independence, self-sufficiency, and the planet on which they live. It offers 'how-to' articles on owner-built housing, alternative energy, gardening, health, self-employment, country living, and other topics related to a self-reliant lifestyle." Yearly subscription of six Issues is $17.95; a single issue costs $3.50. Write Box 3620, Ventura CA 93002.

        The September / October 1991 issue carried a review of The Voluntaryist, and the following doggerel:

        This is the grave of Mike O'Day.
        Who died maintaining his right of way.
        His right was clear, his will was strong.
        But he's just as dead as if he'd been wrong.


        -Anonymous Rhyme (20th Century)

        A highly recommended publication for those of you who live beyond the city streets and sidewalks.


      4. The Anumeralist

        "The Anumeralist" is a new publication that is available from Box 2084, Norristown, Pa. 19404. It is a spokesman for "those who believe it is wrong to call ourselves - to be compelled to call ourselves - by a serial number." It opposes the use of Social Security or Taxpayer identification number, which has become a compulsory requirement of the 20th Century American State. The IRS requires that every employee have such a government identification number. Even the Amish, who are exempt on religious grounds from paying Social Security tax are required to have a number. Send $1.00 for a sample copy.


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