Galaxies

These are just a quick set of useful links

For links specifically about the Milky Way, see The Milky Way Overall on the Stars & The Milky Way Page.

• What are Galaxies? How do they form and evolve?
  Science @ NASA. An Introduction.
• NASA Directory of Science Missions studying the Universe
  Science @ NASA.
• Windows to the Universe
  School level.
• StardateOnline - Galaxies
  Introduces topics with some astrophysics discussion. Sections: Galaxy Types, Galaxy Formation, Galxies Fade, The Milky Way, and our Local Group with a chart. University of Texas McDonald Observatory.
• Curious About Astronomy? Galaxies
  Cornell University. A university level introduction. Plus basic and intermediate level Q&A.
• Galaxies @ Leicester University Guide to Space
  An introductory page, plus more pages about particular types of galaxies.
• SEDS Messier Database
  In the mid 1700's the hot subject of astronomy was finding comets. The professional telescopes then were the size of amateur telescopes now. When a comet is near the sun, one can see its bright tail. But when it is farther out in the solar system, it just appears as a faint cloudy patch. If that patch moves from week to week, one then knows it is a comet. Charles Messier compiled a list of about 100 fuzzy objects that he could see in his telescope which didn't move. The list served to help other astronomers, so they wouldn't waste their time trying to track those objects. Later, astronomers realized that those objects are either nebulae in our galaxy or other nearby galaxies. Nowadays the Messier list is popular with amateur astronomers because it gives you a nice list of relatively bright deep space objects one can see with small telescopes.
• Galaxies
  Introductory information about the types of galaxies and images of galaxies in the Messier list.
• Violence in the Cosmos
  Mike Guidry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Based on a popular level talk given in 1995.
• The Galaxies
• Spitzer Infrared Space Telescope Cal Tech / JPL.
  Browse for research and news.
• Spitzer Science - Galaxies
• Cool Cosmos
  In Engish and Spanish.
• Cool Cosmos - Cosmic Reference Guide
  Has some articles about galaxies. Also pages about various aspects of the background science.
• Imagine the Universe
  A website about astrophysics for teen level and above. There are many pages relevant to galaxy research. Perhaps try consulting the sitemap. High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center @ NASA GSFC.
• Prof. Gene Smith's Astronomy Tutorial
  Based on an introductory college course for liberal arts majors. However it does go into some detailed discussion of the astrophysics. University of California, San Diego Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences.
• Astronomy 108 The Astounding Cosmos
  Survey of modern astronomy course for non-science majors. The later chapters introduce galaxy astrophysics as well as to some of the interesting research history. Dr. Joe Howard. Salisbury State University, Maryland.
• Nick Strobel's Astronomy Lecture Notes
  Introductory university level online course notes. Chapters near the end are about the Milky Way, other galaxies and cosmology.
• Introductory Level Astronomy Supplemental Pages
  by Kristen and Scott Miller, University of Marland.
• Dr. Siobahn Morgan. (Thank you for writing me.)
  Univ. of Northern Iowa.
• Supplementary Course Notes: The Milky Way and Galaxies
• Astronomy 123 - Galaxies
  An undergraduate set of lecture notes which gives you a general outline of the subject. Davison E. Soper, University of Oregon.
• Physics 240 Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology
  Michael Richmond. RIT.
• University of Alabama Astronomy
  See the resources for galaxies in the courses and in the faculty pages. Also available are image galleries. UA Tuscaloosa.
• Introduction to Galaxies
• Prof. Bob Keel
  See his research and course notes. Also his photos are below.
• Galaxies and the Universe
  Graduate course notes by Bob Keel.
• UA Astronomical Image Gallery
  Galaxy Cluster Mug Shots, Quasar/AGN Gallery, Overlapping Galaxy Pairs.
• "Bill Keel's Gif Farm" is also another set of UA Image Galleries
• A Review of the Universe
  Intermediate to Advanced Level.
• Hubble Space Telescope: HubbleSite.Org
  News, images, basic educational resources.

• Astronomy Picture of the Day
  Check the Index for pages higlighting particular galaxy topics. Each page of the day generally has links to relevant research or background information.
• Astronomy Research News links.

Specialized research:

• NASA Directory of Science Missions studying the Universe
  Science @ NASA.
• Chandra X-ray Observatory Center (AXAF)
• Spitzer Infrared Space Telescope
• Extragalactic Astronomy at Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL) UK
  Has a number of pages on Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) / Quasars.
• Joshua Barnes' Homepage Collision modeling research. Univ. of Hawaii.
• Galaxy Collisions- A review article for non-specialists
  August 1999, by Curtis Struck, Iowa State University.
• Extragalactic Articles, NASA-IPAC Extragalactic Database Level 5
  A collection of review articles on galaxy and cosmology research.

• Cosmology is on the Specific Topics Page.
• Gravitational Lensing is on the Specific Topics Page.
• Astronomy Picture Links: Galaxies