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The DEEP BLACK: Greg Burch's Space and Astronomy Page

Greg Burch's Space and Astronomy Page . .

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"Travel is broadening. It's time to hit the road again."

Carl Sagan (reflecting on the 25th anniversary of Apollo 11)

The "biggest" and farthest has always been the coolest for me. I suppose I'm an "awe junkie." My father got us a 4.5 in. Newtonian reflector when we were kids and some of my fondest memories of childhood are of my first views of Jupiter's cloud bands and Saturn's rings. When my brother and I were growing up, the manned space flight program was a like a second religion in our house. Nothing's changed: I still look up at the sky with reverence and every liftoff is a sacrament for me.

Much of what my generation expected to happen in space technology and exploration the last 25 years hasn't. If you had asked me in 1970 what the "space scene" would be like in the mid-1990s, I would have confidently predicted that one or more of a large orbital manned space station, a permanent moon base or a manned landing on Mars would be in place or would have come to pass. Such optimism would have reflected plenty of knowledge of what was technically possible and a deep naivete about the reality of human business, society and politics. Vietnam and the public's regrettably short attention span killed the momentum of Apollo. The difficulty of finding and/or creating a financially profitable synergy in space exploitation has kept space out of reach since.

Although the U.S. manned space effort in the late Seventies and into the Eighties was often disappointing and frustrating, I continued to believe that mankind would inevitably move outward from Earth in significant ways. As the material in the links below indicates, almost every aspect of space exploration and astronomy is undergoing a period of new growth and development in the mid-90s that should be encouraging to all space enthusiasts. Things are changing. They'll change faster and more soon.

The two most hopeful signs on the horizon are (1) the growing demand for access to Earth orbit for private business ventures, especially for communication technologies that feed back into the growing Net (such as the Iridium and Teledesic satellite fleets) and (2) (as with almost every other technological issue) molecular nanotechnology and its nearer-term precursors (advocated by the Molecular Manufacturing Shortcut Group of the National Space Society). The first finally creates the sort of massive market for space services that is required to fund the big business of space industry and the second reduces the mass that has to be flung out of Earth's gravity well to get a basic infrastructure off Earth.
Until I can buy my ticket, amateur astronomy is the next best thing to being there.

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General Astronomy and Space Links

My Observatory. Now I live in a place that must have about the worst "seeing" on the planet, and I dream of owning a place in the mountains of New Mexico and having a BIG light bucket there. Someday there will be a link here to my observatory plans and then ... someday, an on-line archive of stuff from my own scope. For now, this spot just holds dreams.

Space News:

  • "today@nasa" is a good place to check current events in space exploration and observational astronomy. The site has links to other basic NASA web sites and is well worth regular visits.
  • Starport.com: Another slick space site
  • The Universe Today: General space and Astronomy news.
  • SkyViews: Jay Respler's excellent monthly observer's guide.
  • Space Daily. Lots of good news and links. An excellent source of current events, developments and links.
  • Space.com: Slick space news site. Good up-to-date news (but not a lot of depth and few outward-bound links).
  • Spaceflight Now: A very good space news and background portal
  • SpaceRef.com: Good news and background site.

Organizations

  • National Space Science Data Center. Superb repository of a lot of information about space, some raw, some processed.
  • The Planetary Society. I've been a member of the Planetary Society for years and find its balance of science and space advocacy to be just right. I encourage any space enthusiast to join and support the Planetary Society.
  • National Space Society: The largest U.S. space advocacy group. "NSS's vision is people living and working in thriving communities beyond the Earth. NSS members promote change in social, technical, economic, and political conditions to advance the day when people will live and work in space."
  • SEDS: Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
  • The Archimdes Institute: "The Archimedes Institute is a policy research organization devoted to the efficient and equitable development of the solar system. The Archimedes Institute is working to improve the regulatory climate through the generation and dissemination of reasoned policy analysis, the enhancement of communication between government, academia, the commercial sector and the general public, and the implementation of private policy initiatives such as the registry for private claims to solar system resources."
  • The First Millennial Foundation: "Colonizing the Galaxy in 8 Easy Steps."
    • Distant Star: The Millennial Foundation's electronic magazine
  • The Space Studies Institute: What's left of pioneer Gerard K. O'Neil's grand vision for colonization of the solar system
  • Space Policy Digest: High-level discussion of space policy issues
  • FAS Space Policy Project: "The Space Policy Project promotes American national security and international stability by providing the public and decision-makers with information and analysis on civil and military space issues, policies and programs. The Project is dedicated to increasing international cooperation in space as a means of improving global cooperation to solve problems on Earth -- promoting space as a domain of collaboration rather than conflict. The Project also focuses both on specific policy questions related to advanced technology weapons, such as ballistic missile proliferation, commercial space development, and military space systems."
  • ProSpace: Describes itself as "The CITIZEN'S Space Lobby. ProSpace is a grassroots organization of American citizens dedicated to opening the Space Frontier to ALL people as rapidly as possible."
  • The Space Frontier Foundation: "The Space Frontier Foundation is an organization of people dedicated to opening the Space Frontier to human settlement as rapidly as possible. . .[G]oals include protecting the Earth's fragile biosphere and creating a freer and more prosperous life for each generation by using the unlimited energy and material resources of space. . .[The Foundation's] purpose is to unleash the power of free enterprise and lead a united humanity permanently into the Solar System.
  • Dephi Commercial Space Place forum: Web-based discussion forum for commercial space.

Images and Simulations

  • Nasa Image Exchange. NASA's growing searchable archive of space-related images, organizing images from multiple NASA web servers.
  • NSSDC Image Database: National Space Science Data Center's collectioon of images of astronomical objects
  • Hubble. Although earth-surface-based telescopes are getting better and better all the time, for right now the best (in most ways) and surely the coolest telescope is Hubble. To take a look at the product of this wonderful instrument, go to The Space Telescope Institute. Check this out! Lots of great images (although proceed with caution if you are bandwidth-challenged).
  • Journey into the Heavens: A graphics-intensive site devoted to introductory material concerning space exploration
  • J-Track 3D: Incredible Java applet that displays the current positions and orbital tracks for a huge catalogue of spacecraft in Earch orbit. Well worth the download time
  • TERRA: NASA's EOS-AM1 satellite, with continuously updated images of our home planet
  • Dance of the Planets is a great solar system simulator that I have spent many hours exploring. Until I get that big scope, Dance satisfies much of my desire to explore the heavens.
  • Earth and Moon Viewer: A cool online program that allows you to image the Earth and Moon from any angle or altitude.
  • Pat Rawlings Space Art Gallery

Directories, Links Pages and Miscellaneous Stuff

Planetary Science

(... space is a place ...)

Planetary Probes. We have finally re-entered a golden age of robotic planetary exploration after the drought that followed Voyager and Viking..

  • NSSDC Chronology of Lunar and Planetary Exploration: Exhaustive catalog of every known (or suspected) planetary probe.
  • Galileo. To me, one of the most exciting things happening in space science right now is the mission of the Galileo probe. Despite the tragic failures of the original mission plan and the antenna problems, this project is some of the best of which the human species is capable, circa late 20th Century. Galileo's homepage and the associated web is well worth regular visits, as it displays a lot of real-time mission data.
  • Mars. The planetary science community, with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (which has nothing to do with jets any more) in the lead, is in the process of investigating our nearest planetary neighbor with an unprecedented array of probes. This site contains links to the JPL probes in this series.
    • MARS: Pathfinder/Soujorner and Global Surveyor. MPF was a small and cheap spacecraft that was a complete success. Pathfinder/Soujorner is an example of the new direction in space exploration: Simpler spacecraft that can be built in larger numbers and deployed more quickly and with less program risk. The record level of web access to the MPF sites during mission milestones in the Summer of 1997 was a very encouraging sign, reflecting (I hope) a continuing deep public interest in space exploration. Having successfully inserted itself into Martian orbit and now engaging in an economical aerobraking program to circularize that orbit, MGS will make a complete photo and spectrographic survey of Mars begining in the Spring of 1998.
    • The Whole Mars Catalog: The best collection of Mars-related links and information on the Web.
    • The Mars Society: The premier "Martian advocacy group".
    • New Mars: A Journal of the Martian Frontier: The Mars Society's E-zine.
    • Mars News: More Mars news and links.
    • The Mars Web Ring
    • Marsbugs: Good site devoted to exobiology in general and Martian life and terraforming in particular.
  • Cassini. Probably the last of the massive "mega-probes", Cassini's 7-year transit to Saturn began without incident in October of 1997 and is now in its complex slingshot phase,picking up speed by swinging past Venus and Earth before its 2004 rendezvous with Saturn.  Once there it will release a lander on Saturn's mist-shrouded moon Titan and then engage in a multi-year orbital survey of the Saturnian system. Before the launch, the "anti-nuclear movement" and other, more overtly Luddite groups and individuals took opposition to Cassini as a cause. It has been said that one's attitide toward lightning rods was a test of rationality in the 18th Century. One's attitude toward the Cassini "nuclear threat" may well be a test of rationality in the last decade of the 20th Century.

Lunar and Planetary Institute

Extrasolar Planets: A catalog of all known or suspected planets circling other stars. Consider this a real estate listing..

Terraforming: An excellent collection of information about transforming planetary environments into more hospitable places.

Spaceflight, Manned and Otherwise

(... getting there ... being there ...)

HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AT NASA

  • Space Station. With the dramatically successful launches of the first components and first assembly flight (STS-88), on-orbit construction of the.International Space Station ("ISS" as the facility is now called) is now underway. Although criticized for lacking a clear-cut rationale, ISS is one of the great engineering projects of our time and is an important step in the right direction, in my opinion. Its progress can be tracked from this site as the 20th Century closes.
  • NASA Shuttle Web. Love it or hate it, the big black and white bird is just about all we have for now. Keep your fingers crossed that it'll keep flying until we have something to replace it (see "New Booster Technology" immediately below).

New Booster Technology. The single-stage-to-orbit prototypes being developed (and flown!) now are the next steps on the way out. This is happening faster than a lot of people thought it would (for once) and, as I point out above, is being driven primarily by the increase in demand for launch services by the ambitious and very real plans for constellations of low-Earth-orbit communications satellites, Iridium and Teledesic. In the last few years many new initiatives, most in the private sector, have been undertaken. Most of these probably won't pan out, but they evidence a flowering of engineering and entrepreneurial creativity:

  • NASA RLV/Space Transport Program: A new site that appears to be NASA's attempt to bring all of it's plans and ideas for future transportations systems together in one place.
  • Rotary Rocket Company (Roton): An innovative design (construction by Burt Rutan's famous company, Scaled Composites) employing "rotary" technology in both the boost phase (a rotary fuel pump) and in the recovery phase (an ambitious autorotating rotor system).
  • Pioneer Rocketplane: One of a number of plans for winged spaceplanes, the Pioneer is a manned, orbiter that is refueled in flight from a 747 tanker.
  • Kelly Space & Technology: the Kelly design calls for use of unmanned an orbiter towed behind a 747 in the boost phase and return assisted by jet propulsion for increased cross-range capability.
  • Kistler Aerospace

Project Apollo Archive: Good collection of resources and links about man's first extraterrestrial adventure.

US Space Command The most significant military command off Earth.

NASA Dryden Flight Research Center: The place for cool things with wings.

NASA history

Encyclopedia Astronautica: Mark Wade's Great collection of space history materials.

Deep Cold: Unfinished military space projects of the 1960s.

Other Private Space Ventures

Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. A great historical resource, this site holds transcripts of most of the communication between the lunar surface and Houston MSC.

The Moon Project: Great interactive site focusing on the Apollo era, but also has lots of other great lunar resources.

SpaceBank: A space "news" site, with special emphasis on Japanese space programs and projects.

SpaceViews, a monthly publication of the Boston chapter of the National Space Society and an electronic newsletter of the NSS

Romance to Reality: moon & Mars expedition and settlement plans.

Warp Drive When? A NASA site dedicated to explication of te possibilities of real superluminal spacecraft.

 

Exobiology

(... life, the universe and everything ...)

Astrobiology: A very well put together electronic magazine.

SETI. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a worthwhile enterprise, no matter how small the chances of success in any given year. The day we make Contact, this will be a great link to have. It's still worth having in the meantime, come to think of it.

SETI@Home: An interesting and ambitious project to distribute the computing requirements of a deep SETI program to PCs over the Web.

SETI: Sky and Telescope's collection of articles about the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence.

Life on Mars? In August of 1996, NASA researchers announced what they called "compelling evidence" of fossil microbiology in a meteorite of definite Martian origin. This Federation of American Scientists site tracks developments in this story. If confirmed, this is one of the most important scientific discoveries in history, so stay tuned.

The Fermi Paradox. Where are they? Don't answer too quickly, as some of the most intelligent people in the world are stumped by this one:

 

Space Books

Countdown: A History of Space Flight, T. A. Heppenheimer

Living in Space
by G. Harry Stine
$15.37 Hardcover - 1997
Reducing Mission Cost
Wertz and Larson (Editors)
$39.95 Paperback - 1996
Reusable Launch Vehicles
Richard Hartunian (Editor)
$27.00 Paperback 1996
Small Spacecraft Technology
$27.00 Paperback - 1994
Spaceflight in the Era of Space Planes
by Russell J. Hannigan
$74.50 Hardcover - 1994
Space Vehicle Mechanisms
Successful Design

Conley, Packard and Purdy
$99.95 Hardcover 1997
Rain of Iron and Ice
John Lewis
$17.50 - 1996
Mining the Sky
John Lewis
$18.20 - 1996
Science With a Vengeance
by David H. Devorkin
$43.95 1993 Springer
Plowshares and Power : The Military Use of Civil Space
by Bob Preston $14.00 1994 National Defense University Press
Military Space
Dutton, De Garis, Winterton, and Harding $25.00 1990 Brasseys


Solar System Evolution - A New Perspective
by Stuart Ross Taylor
$59.95 Hardcover 1992 Cambridge Univ
Atlas of Neptune
Hunt, Moore and Hunt
$28.95 1994 Cambridge
Exploring Planetary Worlds
by David Morrison
$32.95 1993 Freeman
The Grand Tour
Miller and Kartmann
$12.76 1993 Workman
Exploring the Solar System
by Nicholas Booth
$24.95 1996 Cambridge
The NASA Atlas of the Solar System
Greeley and Batson
$108.50 1996 Cambridge
Planet Quest : The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems
by Ken Croswell
$17.50 1997 Free
Rain of Iron and Ice
The Very Real Threat of Comet and Asteroid Bombardment
Hardcover - $17.50 - 1996
Mining the Sky
Untold Riches from the Asteroids, Comets, and Planets
Hardcover - $18.20 - 1996

New Book of Mars
by Nigel Hawkes
$7.96 1998 Copper Beech
Strategies for Mars
by Carol R. Stoker (Editor)
$45.00 1996 Univelt
The Rivers of Mars
by Piers Bizony
$11.96 1997 Aurum
Mars : The Living Planet
Digregorio, Levin and Straat
$17.50 1997 Frog
Mars : Uncovering the Secrets
by Paul Raeburn
$24.00 1998 NGS
Mars Pathfinder: Faster, Better, Cheaper
Pritchett and Muirhead
$10.85 1998 Pritchett
The Hunt for Life on Mars
by Donald Goldsmith
$19.96 1997 EP Dutton
The Case for Mars
Zubrin and Wagner
$17.50 Hardcover 1996 Free $10.40 Paperback


Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System - 1997
Extended science texts on planetary science
Hardcover - $69.95
Resources of Near-Earth Space

The A-Z of asteroid and cometary science
Hardcover - $82.00 Special Order

 


"The meek shall inherit the Earth. The rest of us are getting out of here."

-- Anonymous

"We choose to go to the moon ... and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard"

-- JFK

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Index terms: space space space spaceflight spacecraft planets planetary science astronomy mercury venus earth mars jupiter saturn uranus naptune pluto comets asteroids stars galaxies nebula nebulae galaxy spaceship spaceships robots