Related Science Links - Weather & Atmospheric Science

Contents

• General Atmospheric Science Websites
• Learning About Our Weather
• Clouds
• Some Research Centers
• Current Weather Conditions
• Severe Weather
• Climate and Climate Change
• Earth's Upper Atmosphere
• Related Pages on this Website

General Atmospheric Science Websites

• Encyclopedia of the Atmospheric Environment Manchester Metropolitan Univ. (UK) In English and French.
• Earth's Atmosphere Windows to the Universe
  Includes related topics such as satellites, effects from the Sun and radio communications.
• The Daily Planet (Univ. of Illinois)
• WW2010 (the weather world 2010 project)
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
• NOAA (Operational Significant Event Imagery ) Image of the Day
• Learn About Meteorology by the Bureau of Meteorology of Australia.
• Introduction to Meteorology and Climatology Fundamentals of Physical Geography. Michael J. Pidwirny, Okanagan University College.
• Florida State University Explores! K-12 Education site.
• Basic Skills
• Thermometers
• Atmospheric Composition
• Today From Space- The Earth's Atmosphere NASA
• Exploring the Environment NASA sponsored educational pages: Modules
• The Earth's Radiation Energy Balance Univ. of Wisconsin SSEC public outreach.
• Meteorology FAQ [sci.geo.meteorology (USENET)]
• Meteorology FAQ Part 5/7: Internet resources [sci.geo.meteorology (USENET)]
  - alternate ftp site
• American Geophysical Union: Science for Everyone:
• Atmospheric Sciences
• Climate & Global Change
• First Science.Com - Planetery Science article archive
• Table of Physical Constants and Atmospheric Composition
• AstroWeb Links on Atmosphere, Ocean, Geophysics and Space Sciences
• Nat'l Public Radio Science Friday - Programs about Weather
• Also see the Planet Earth Page.

Learning About Our Weather

• How the weather works @ USA Today
• Learn About Meteorology by the Bureau of Meteorology of Australia.
• Northeast Media of Atmospheric Science - Education Section
  Educational articles on several weather topics.
• Beverly Lynds - About Temperature and Rainbows UCAR
• Planet Storm Channel 4 (UK)
  Weather on Earth and other planets.

Clouds

• Cloud Boutique @ Plymouth State College Weather Center
• In the Clouds Photography
• Clouds @ The Seaborg Center, NMU
• Cool Clouds for -Kids- of All Ages Richard Carlson, Iowa State Univ.
• Wolken (Clouds) - Der Karlsruher Wolkenatlas gallery of different cloud types (in German).
• Australian Severe Weather with details about observing clouds.
• Clouds from Space Views of the Solar System.
• Scientific American- Ask the Experts- Environment - How do water droplets in clouds cohere

Some Research Centers

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
• Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Md.
• NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York City
• Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, Al.
• Global Hydrology and Climate Center (NASA MSFC).
• GOES satellite imagery.
• Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity
• NASA Dryden Airborne Science Program
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
• NOAA News Home Page
• NOAA (Operational Significant Event Imagery ) Image of the Day
• National Severe Storms Laboratory (Norman, Oklahoma)
• NOAA- NESDIS- National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
• NOAA Paleoclimatology Program Homepage
• National Center for Atmospheric Research
• National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research New Zealand
• Climate Research Unit U. of East Anglia.
• Also see their links.
• Also see Space Research Centers.
• There are more research center links thorughout the page.

Current Weather Conditions

• NOAA - National Weather Service
• National Weather Service
• Weather.Gov (NWS)
• National Hurricane Center Tropical Prediction Center
• Storm Prediction Center
• Satellite Services Division (SSD) real time satellite images and data
• NOAA (Operational Significant Event Imagery ) Image of the Day
• The Weather Channel - Home Page
• CNN - Weather
• Purdue Weather Processor Purdue University
• Weather Satellite Images
• Surface Data
• Current Weather Information-Unisys
• Ohio State U. Wx
• Intellicast simple weather forecasts, weather RADAR, weather satellite pictures.
• Weather Satellite Picture of the Day -- CIRA- Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology (RAMM) Team Satellite Interpretation Discussion Brief discussion of interesting weather phenomena found on satellite images, written as they happen.
• They also offer tutorials for interpreting GOES satellite images.
• Drought Monitor - Current conditions and forecasts.
• Professor Mandia's Home Page Weather Page SUNY Suffolk.
  Beginner's references for learning how to forecast, for an Intro to Weather course.
• Metereological information Resources for Astronomy Astroweb links.
• What's the difference between a watch and a warning? An area that is issued a watch has the potential for the forecasted condition (severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, extreme heat, etc.) to occur during a certain time. A warning means that the phenomena is already occuring right now.
• Weather in Japan
• New York weather on the New York Pages.
• Also see Aviation Weather Links

Severe Weather

• National Severe Storms Laboratory (Norman, Oklahoma)
• National Hurricane Center Tropical Prediction Center
• NOAA's Hurricanes Page
• NOAA Hurricane Research Division
• Hurricanes, Typhoons and Tropical Cyclones FAQ by Christopher W. Landsea.
  Also available in Spanish and French.
• Miami Museum of Science-Hurricane
• Canadian Hurricane Centre
  Includes some educational pages.
• Tropical Cyclones course notes by Kerry Emanuel, MIT
• Hurricane Hunters Home Page
• Hurricane and Storm Tracking tracking plots with JAVA by Paul Curtis.
• Australian Severe Weather with details about observing clouds.
• Lightning David Ramsey
• Federal Emergency Management Agency - Hazards
  Includes a number of sections about severe weather, and what to do.
• Skywarn Net

Climate and Climate Change

• Introduction to Meteorology and Climatology Fundamentals of Physical Geography. Michael J. Pidwirny, Okanagan University College.
• World Climate
  Average monthly weather rainfall and temperature data for cities worldwide. Useful if you're traveling.
• KNMI Climate Explorer by Geert Jan van Oldenborgh
  If you want to explore data in more detail.
• Inside the Climatologist's Toolbox @ The Why Files
• The Distant Sun. A short NASA news article about how the Earth is farther away from the Sun during July (aphelion) and so receives less sunlight; yet because the distribution of continents and oceans is different between the northern and southern hemispheres, the average Earth temperature is still slightly warmer. (July 2, 2002.)
• Ocean World Texas A&M
  Middle school level.
• Climate Change Website Government of Canada. In English and French.
• Our Everchanging Climate @ The Hooper Paleontological Museum, Ottawa.
• Modeling Earth's Climate University College Worcester, UK
• The Global Change Project Univ. of Michigan
  Extensive notes for several undergraduate semesters, on a broad, interdisciplinary range of topics.
• New York Times - The Natural World - Climate with articles and links.
• Global Climate Change Student Guide Manchester Metropolitan Univ. (UK)
  Includes a large list of reference literature.
• NASA's Global Change Master Directory GSFC
• NASA GSFC Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center
• NASA-Goddard Climate and Radiation Branch
• NOAA Paleoclimatology Program Homepage
• Global land environments during the last 130,000 years Oak Ridge Nat'l Labs.
• Palynology - a microscopic view into the past
  Miscroscopy-UK. A taste of what the evidence really looks like.
• Climate Research Unit U. of East Anglia.
• KNMI Netherlands.
• Selected Science News on Atmospheric Composition and Climate
• U.S. EPA Student Center
• The EPA Global Warming Website
• Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
• Weather and Climate Facts
• NOAA Climate Prediction Center Climate Outlooks- El Nino-La Nina Advisories- and Ozone
• The El Niņo Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle
• NOAA/PMEL/TAO El Nino Theme Page
• North Atlantic Oscillation Theme Page by David Stephenson.
• North Atlantic Oscillation Theme Page at Columbia Univ.
• North Atlantic Oscillation - Atlantic Climate Variability White Paper April 1997.
• A diagram of the great oceanic conveyor belt.
• Global Change Home Page includes an articles index.
• National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). See Educational Resources. They include:
• State of the Cryosphere .
• Arctic Climatology and Meteorology PRIMER
• Glacier Science Rice University.
  Includes sections about weather and oceans.
• Melting Tropical Glaciers The Why Files.
• "Breaking up is easy to do" - Global Warming - Is it Real? The Why Files.
• Exploring Satellite Oceanography, University of Rhode Island
  Explore the Gulf Stream off the U.S. east coast. Links to more data, if you want it.
• Thermohaline Circulation Fact-sheet Christof Appenzeller
• Chem Connections
  Illustrates with Quicktime movies. Includes:
• Global Warming
• Book: Atmosphere, Climate, and Change
  by Thomas E. Graedel and Paul J. Crutzen. 1995. Scientific American Library, HPHLP.
• The Boston Book Review has a review article by Lucy Horwitz.
• This is a popular level book, although it is based on a textbook. It gives particular attention to atmospheric chemistry and how climate computer models are made.
  
  Among the models discussed in this book, I would like to point out in particular the model by Caldiera and Kasting (@ U. Penn) that predicts Earth won't be able to support life in about a billion years. This is the predicted scenario: The driving cause for the change is the expected Sun's gradual warming. The effect would be to shift the chemistry equilibirium of the soil making it more acidic. With more acidity Earth's abundant silicate rocks are expected to weather more easily. That would allow more calcium and magnesium ions to flow into the oceans. Those ions would combine with the dissolved carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to precipitate as carbonate rocks. More and more carbon dioxide would have to be drawn from the atmosphere to maintain an equilibrium between ocean and air. By about 1 billion years from now the atmospheric carbon dioxide level would reduce to below 10 parts per million (vol), which is believed to be below the level needed for most plants to survive. With the plants would go most of the rest of macroscopic life as we know it. Then, by about 1.3 billion years the Earth's average temperature may reach 50 degrees C, and by 1.5 billion years, 100 degrees C.
  
  I point this out because often in astronomy texts you see the prediction that the sun will become a red giant in about 4.5 billion years, and that would presumably end life. This model points out that there are other issues to consider.
• Science progresses. For a more recent view of what makes Earth habitable and what will eventually make Earth more and more uninhabitable, see books by Peter Ward and Don Brownlee (Univ. of Washington).
• Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change book excerpts.
• Nearest Star- The Surprising Science of Our Sun
  by Leon Golub and Jay M. Pasachoff. © May 2001. Harvard University Press.
• U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1991-1994
  Many short reports about the state of research in many Earth and Space Science fields, including climate. American Geophysical Union.
• Climate & Global Change American Geophysical Union. Articles.
• The Coming Climate by Thomas R. Karl, Neville Nicholls and Jonathan Gregory. May 1997. Scientific American.
• The Great Climate Flip-flop by William Calvin. January 1998. The Atlantic Monthly.
• Rapid Climate Change by Kendrick Taylor. July-August 1999. American Scientist.
• Breaking the Global-Warming Gridlock by Daniel Sarewitz and Roger Pielke Jr. July 2000. The Atlantic Monthly.
• US Global Change Research Information Office (global warming)
• CONSEQUENCES - The Nature and Implications of Environmental Change articles.
• Climate Models- How Reliable are Their Predictions by Eric. J. Baron. Fall 1995.
• Global Climate Change Briefing Book
  National Council for Science and the Environment.
• Influence of Dramatic Climate Shifts on European Civilizations- The Rise and Fall of the Vikings and the Little Ice Age
  - Scott A. Mandia, Suffolk County Community College (NY)
• Thematic Guides on the Human Dimension of Global Environmental Change
  CIESIN - Center for International Earth Science Information Network, @ Columbia University.
• APOD- 2001 July 9 - Air Pollution Earth
  Global view of carbon monoxide (CO).
• Robert Grumbine: Science FAQs, Books, Weather and Science Links Most of his FAQ pages are about climate change.
• Environmental Defense Fund
• Global Warming
• NOVA Online | Tracking El Niņo
• NOVA / Frontline: What's Up with the Weather? Examines global warming. April 18, 2000.
• Australian Broadcasting Corp. (ABC):
• The Heat is On Global warming. (October 1, 1998). Quantum TV science series.
• El Nino - The Boy Child Oct. 16, 1997
• El Nino - Of Droughts and Flooding Rains by Dr. Neville Nicholls.
• Exploring the Ice Frontier by Tim Bowden, 20 August 1997
• Thoughts About Weather Forecasting (Feb. 23, 1997) a radio program @ Australian Broadcasting Corp.'s Ockham's Razor
• Also see Earth's Upper Atmosphere below.
• For Ice Ages see the Geology secetion.

Earth's Upper Atmosphere

• Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry York University
• Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC)
• Includes Space-based Observations of Atmospheric Chemistry
• Stratospheric Ozone Depletion tutorial @ NASA
• Atmospheric Chemistry Educational Resources
  About ozone in the upper atmosphere. NASA GSFC DAAC
• The Ozone Hole Tour University at Cambridge (UK)
• Beyond Discovery- The Ozone Depletion Phenomenon
• Ozone Depletion FAQ
• Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Web Site
  Ozone observation mission.
• TOMS Home Page @ NASA GSFC
• QuikTOMS homepage GSFC - launch in August 2001.
• GOME - Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment on ERS-2 satellite. DLR.
  Includes links to real-time NO₂, ozone, cloud and radiance data.
• See The Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) spacecraft
• Living with a Star Program NASA GSFC
• The Sun-Earth Connection Program NASA GSFC
• Ionosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere SWRI
• APOD- October 13- 1999 - Ozone Hole Reduced
• Observing Noctilucent Clouds (Manchester Astronomical Society)
• Noctilucent Clouds Univ. of Colorado
• Red Sprites and Blue Jets
• The Green Flash @ Mt. Wilson Observatory
• WWW Virtual Library: Aeronomy / Solar-Terrestrial Physics & Chemistry
• For aurora, see Earth's Magnetosphere on the Planet Earth Page.

Related Pages on this Website

• Planet Earth Page.
• The Sun
• Observing the Sky, including Other Sky Phenomena.
• Geology